| CONTROL PANEL | PORT NUMBERS |
| CPANEL DEFAULT PORT (HTTP) | 2082 |
| CPANEL SSL PORT (HTTPS) | 2083 |
| CPANEL WHM PORT (HTTP) | 2086 |
| CPANEL WHM SSL PORT (HTTPS ) | 2087 |
| CPANEL WEBMAIL PORT (HTTP) | 2095 |
| CPANEL WEBMAIL SSL PORT (HTTPS ) | 2096 |
| PLESK PORT (HTTP) | 8080 |
| PLESK PORT (HTTPS) | 8443 |
| HSPHERE (HTTP) | 8080 |
| HSPHERE (HTTPS) | 8443 |
Sunday, October 31, 2010
Control Panel Port Numbers.
Commonly Used TCP/IP Protocols.
| TCP/IP PROTOCOLS | PORT NUMBER |
| FTP – FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL | 20/21 |
| SSH – SECURE SHELL | 22 |
| TELNET | 23 |
| SMTP (Outgoing Mail) | 25 |
| WINS REPLICATION | 42(NETBIOS)/137 |
| WHOIS | 43 |
| DNS/NAME DOMAIN | 53 |
| DHCP – DYNAMIC HOST CONTROL | 67 |
| HTTP | 80 |
| POP3 | 110 |
| SFTP – SIMPLE FTP | 115 |
| NTP – NETWORK TIME PROTOCOL | 123 |
| RPC – REMOTE PROCEDURE CALL | 135 |
| IMAP4 | 143 |
| SNMP – SIMPLE N/W MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL | 161 |
| BGP – BORDER GATEWAY PROTOCOL | 179 |
| LDAP – LIGHT WEIGHT DIRECTORY ACCESS PROTOCOL | 389 |
| SSL – SECURE SOCKET LAYER | 443 |
| GMAIL SMTP (SMTPS) | 465 |
| IMAPS (SECURE) | 993 |
| GMAIL POP4 (POP3S) | 995 |
| MSSQL | 1433 |
| MSSQL(MONITOR) | 1434 |
| RDP – REMOTE DESKTOP PROTOCOL | 3389 |
| L2TP (TUNNELING) | 1701 |
| PPTP (POINT TO POINT TUNNELING) | 1723 |
| MYSQL | 3306 |
Saturday, October 30, 2010
Wordpress Installation in HELM.
Follow the below steps for installing wordpress in HELM,
1.Download the latest WordPress installation file from the http://wordpress.org/download/ , download it by clicking on "Download" button. 2.Unzip it and upload in into your wwwroot folder 3.Create a MySQL database for WordPress domain-->database manager-->add new-->mysql-->database name-->create database user name and Password 4.Open the URL in Internet browser. Then click on the "Create a Configuration File" button. Fill in the database detail and site detail then finish the installation.
Plesk - Important files/paths
Important paths on plesk + centos.
============================== 1) Document root for domain. /var/www/vhosts/domainname/httpdocs 2) path to php.ini /etc/php.ini OR /usr/local/lib/php.ini 3) maillog path: /usr/local/psa/var/log/maillog 4) Domain Error log path /var/www/vhosts/domainname/statistics/logs/error_log 5) 4) Domain access log path /var/www/vhosts/domainname/statistics/logs/access_log 6) Domain backup path /var/lib/psa/dumps/domainname 7) Path of the domain email account /var/qmail/mailnames/domain 8) Check EMails in mail queue : /var/qmail/bin/qmail-qstat 9) Path to mysql database: /var/lib/mysql/databasename 10) Plesk named file path /var/named/run-root/var/domainname 11) The other logs can be found in the below mentioned folder /var/log/...... 12) Document root for domain with ssl. /var/www/vhosts/domainname/httpsdocs 13) The Redirect conditions can be put in this file. /var/www/vhosts/domainname/conf/vhost.conf 14) Httpd file for the domain /var/www/vhosts/domainname/conf/httpd.include 15) cgi-bin path /var/www/vhosts/domainname/cgi-bin 16) Sub-Domain path /var/www/vhosts/domainname/subdomains 17) Domain backups /var/www/vhosts/domainname/library/backups 18) Domain logs /var/www/vhosts/domainname/library/logs ====================================================
APF-BFD-DDOS-Install and Configuration.
APF-BFD-DDOS-Install and Configuration
==================================================== APF - Advanced Policy Firewall. ==================================================== #cd /usr/local/src/ #wget http://www.rfxn.com/downloads/apf-current.tar.gz #tar -xvzf apf-current.tar.gz #./install.sh #vi /etc/apf/conf.apf DEVEL_MODE="0" Common inbound (ingress) TCP ports IG_TCP_CPORTS="21,25,80,443,43,22,9080,9090,3306" Common inbound (ingress) UDP ports IG_UDP_CPORTS="53" Common outbound (egress) TCP ports EG_TCP_CPORTS="21,25,80,443,43,22,9080,9090,3306" Common outbound (egress) UDP ports EG_UDP_CPORTS="20,21,53" #/etc/init.d/apf start #/usr/local/sbin/apf -s ==================================================== BFD - Brute Force Detection. ==================================================== #cd /usr/local/src/ #wget http://www.rfxn.com/downloads/bfd-current.tar.gz #tar -xvzf bfd-current.tar.gz #cd bfd-1.4 #./install.sh #vi /usr/local/bfd/conf.bfd EMAIL_ALERTS="1" LOCK_FILE_TIMEOUT="600" EMAIL_ADDRESS="root,admin@Domainname" #/usr/local/sbin/bfd -s ==================================================== DDOS - Distributed Denial-of-Service. ==================================================== #cd /usr/local/ # wget http://www.inetbase.com/scripts/ddos/install.sh #sh install.sh #vi /usr/local/ddos/ddos.conf EMAIL_TO="root,admin@Domainname" NO_OF_CONNECTIONS=150 #ddos -s
Some important Hsphere file paths.
These are some default Hsphere file paths,
Mysql:====== Socket file: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock Database file: /var/lib/mysql mysql password file: /var/lib/mysql/.my.cnf Error log: /var/log/mysql/error.log Ftp: ===== Proftpd is default with hsphere. Configuration file: /hsphere/shared/config/ftpd/proftpd.conf Log file: /hsphere/local/var/proftpd/xferlog Php: ===== Configuration files: /hsphere/local/config/httpd/php4/php.ini – with PHP version 4x /hsphere/local/config/httpd/php5/php.ini – with PHP version 5x Log file : /hsphere/shared/apache2/logs/php_error.log Apache: ======== Configuration file: /hsphere/shared/apache2/conf/httpd.conf Log file: /hsphere/shared/apache2/logs/error_log Each domain has a separate configuration file: /hsphere/shared/apache2/conf/sites/conf_file Starting: /etc/init.d/httpd start Re-Starting : /hsphere/shared/scripts/apache-restart Stop: /etc/init.d/httpd stop MOD Security: ============= /hsphere/shared/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-security.conf DOMAINS: ========= Access the domains with domain name(without user name) /hsphere/local/home/*/domainname Access the domains with user name /hsphere/local/home/username/domainname Rebuilding the DB for the specific domain. #java psoft.hsphere tools.DNScreator -m db -dz -z < Domain Name > DNS ==== Zones configuration – /hsphere/local/var/named/zones ex: /hsphere/local/var/named/zones/<zones _(domain number)> Logs: /var/log/messages #pgsql hsphere #select * from dns_records where name=’domain.com’; #update dns_records set data=’ip’ where name=’mysql2.domain.com’; Qmail: ===== configuration files: /var/qmail/control Some important config files: rblhosts rcpthosts virtualdomains Log files : /var/log/messages /var/log/maillog To view mail location of a domain: ~vpopmail/bin/vdominfo domain.com To view the information of a mail account: ~vpopmail/bin/vuserinfo domain.com Hsphere Scripts: ================= /hsphere/shared/scripts Hsphere panel files: ===================== ~cpanel/shiva/psoft/hsphere/
How to configure outlook express?
These are the steps to configure outlook express,
1.In Microsoft Outlook, from the E-mail Accounts menu, select Tools.
2.On the E-mail Accounts wizard window, select Add a new e-mail account,
and then click Next.
3.For your server type, select POP3 or IMAP, and then click Next.
4.On the Internet E-mail Settings (POP3/IMAP) window, enter your
information as follows:
-->Your Name
Your first and last name.
-->E-mail Address
Your email address.For example (test@example.com)
-->User Name
Your email address, again.(test@example.com)
-->Password
Your email account password.
-->Incoming mail server (POP3)
POP, mail.example.com
-->Outgoing mail server (SMTP)
mail.example.com
Click More Settings.
5. On the Internet E-mail Settings window, go to the Outgoing Server tab.
6. Select My outgoing server (SMTP) requires authentication.
7. Select Use same settings as my incoming mail server.
8. Click Ok. Click Next. Click Finish.
1.In Microsoft Outlook, from the E-mail Accounts menu, select Tools.
2.On the E-mail Accounts wizard window, select Add a new e-mail account,
and then click Next.
3.For your server type, select POP3 or IMAP, and then click Next.
4.On the Internet E-mail Settings (POP3/IMAP) window, enter your
information as follows:
-->Your Name
Your first and last name.
-->E-mail Address
Your email address.For example (test@example.com)
-->User Name
Your email address, again.(test@example.com)
-->Password
Your email account password.
-->Incoming mail server (POP3)
POP, mail.example.com
-->Outgoing mail server (SMTP)
mail.example.com
Click More Settings.
5. On the Internet E-mail Settings window, go to the Outgoing Server tab.
6. Select My outgoing server (SMTP) requires authentication.
7. Select Use same settings as my incoming mail server.
8. Click Ok. Click Next. Click Finish.
Create a mysql database, tables and insert data.
How do I create a MySQL database and tables?
If you want to create a database and set up tables for the same use the following two sql commands:=> CREATE DATABASE - create the database
=> CREATE TABLE - create the table
=> INSERT - To add/insert data to table
CREATE DATABASE creates a database with the given name. To use this statement, you need the CREATE privilege for the database
CREATE TABLE creates a table with the given name. You must have the
CREATE privilege for the table.
INSERT inserts new rows into an existing table.
Procedure for creating a database and a sample table
Login as the mysql root user to create database:$ mysql -u root -pOutput:
mysql>Add a database called books
mysql> CREATE DATABASE books;
Now database is created. Use a database with use command:
mysql> USE books;
Now create a table called authors with name, email and id:
mysql>CREATE TABLE authors (id INT, name VARCHAR(20), email VARCHAR(20));
Display your table name just created:
mysql> SHOW TABLES;
Output: +------------------------+ | Tables_in_books|+------------------------+| authors |+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)Now add a data / row to table books using INSERT statement:
mysql> INSERT INTO authors (id,name,email) VALUES(1,"Vivek","xuz@abc.com");Output:
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)Add few more rows:
mysql> INSERT INTO authors (id,name,email)
VALUES(2,"Priya","p@gmail.com");
INSERT INTO authors (id,name,email) VALUES(3,"Tom","tom@yahoo.com");Now display all rows:
mysql> SELECT * FROM authors;Output:
+------+-------+-------------------------+
| id | name | Email | +------+-------+-------------------------+
| 1 | Vivek |vkc@yahoo.com | | 2 | Priya | perl@abcde.com | | 3 | Tom | tom@gmail.com | +------+-------+--------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Some Basic Definitions.
DNS
(Domain Name System), is the service which translates between Internet names and Internet addresses.
Internet names are the names which we use to refer to hosts on the Internet, such as www.debianhelp.co.uk.
Internet addresses are the numbers which routers use to move traffic across the Internet, such as 211.1.13.115 and
What are DNS Records ?
DNS records or Zone files are used for mapping URLs to an IPs. Located on servers called the DNS servers, these records are typically the connection of your website with the outside world. Requests for your website are forwarded to your DNS servers and then get pointed to the WebServers that serve the website or to email servers that handle the incoming email.
Different Types of DNS Records With Syntax and Examples
Types of DNS Records
A
AAAA
CNAME
MX
PTR
NS
SOA
SRV
TXT
NAPTR
The above DNS records are mostly used in all DNS Configurations. Now we will see each one with examples.
A Record
An A record or address record.
Address Record, assigns an IP address to a domain or subdomain name. When the domain name system was designed it was recommended that no two A records refer to the same IP address.
Suppose you have the somedomain.tld domain and want to assign 10.10.0.1 IP address to your web server, then you should create an A record with "www.somedomain.tld" as Fully Qualified Domain Name and "10.10.0.1" in the value field.
From now on, all the requests for www.somedomain.tld will be sent to a server with that IP.
Basically is useful to use an A record when you have subdomains residing on various systems.
Usefultip: you might use a "*.somedomain.tld" A record to allow WHATEVER.somedomain.tld to be resolved to your IP, though a wildcard CNAME record is often better than a wildcard A record.
Example of A Record with Syntax
example.com. IN A 69.9.64.11
Where
IN indicates Internet
A indicates the Address record.
The above example indicate that the IP Address for the domain example.com is 69.9.64.11
AAAA Record
An AAAA record or IPv6 address record maps a hostname to a 128-bit IPv6 address.
The regular DNS Address resource record is defined for a 32-bit IPv4 address, so a new one was created to allow a domain name to be associated with a 128-bit IPv6 address. The four “A”s (“AAAA”) are a mnemonic to indicate that the IPv6 address is four times the size of the IPv4 address. The AAAA record is structured in very much the same way as the A record in both binary and master file formats; it is just much larger. The DNS resource record Type value for AAAA is 28.
Example of AAAA Record with Syntax
The AAAA record is to help transition and coexistence between IPv4 and IPv6 networks.An IPv4 nameserver can provide IPv6 addresses:
linux aaaa 3ffe:1900:4545:2:02d0:09ff:fef7:6d2c
CNAME Record
A CNAME record or canonical name record makes one domain name an alias of another. The aliased domain gets all the subdomains and DNS records of the original.
You should use a CNAME record whenever you want associate a new subdomain to an already existing A record; i.e. you can make "www.somedomain.tld" to "somedomain.tld", which should already have been assigned an IP with an A record.
This allows you to have as many subdomains as you wish without having to specify the IP for every record. Use a CNAME if you have more services pointing to the same IP. This way you will have to update only one record in the convenience of a change of IP address.
Example of a CNAME record: "stuff.everybox.com CNAME www.everybox.com" where 'www.everybox.com' is an A record listing an IP address, and 'stuff.everybox.com' points to 'www.everybox.com'. It will NOT allow you to foward a domain to a specific web page. Use a webhop for that. Port numbers can be changed with webhops, as well; CNAMEs cannot change the HTTP default of 80 to any other port number.
Do not use CNAME defined hostnames in MX records. For example, this is not recommended
Example Of CNAME With syntax
mail.example.com IN CNAME mail.example.net
where
IN indicates Internet
CNAME indicates CNAME record.
MX Record
An MX record or mail exchange record maps a domain name to a list of mail exchange servers for that domain.
Example with MX Record Syntax - Single mail servers
mydomain.com. 14400 IN MX 0 mydomain.com.
The MX record shows that all emails @ mydomain.com should be routed to the mail server at mydomain.com. The DNS record shows that mydomain.com is located at 26.34.9.14. This means that email meant for test@mydomain.com will be routed to the email server at 26.34.9.14. This finishes the task of the MX record. The email server on that server then takes over, collects the email and then proceeds to distribute it to the user ``test''.
It is important that there be a dot(``.'') after the domain name in the MX record. If the dot is absent, it routes to ``mydomain.com.mydomain.com''. The number 0, indicates Preferance number. Mail is always routed to the server which has the lowest Preferance number. If there is only one mail server, it is safe to mark it 0.
Using Multiple mail servers
If you want to use multiple mail servers you have to use MX record preferences.The MX record preference values indicate which mail server to use and in which order to try them when they fail or don't respond. A larger preference number is less preferred. Thus, a mail exchanger with a preference of zero (0) is always preferred over all other mail exchangers. Setting preference values to equal numbers makes mail servers equally preferred.
Example with MX Record Syntax - Multiple mail servers
mydomain.com. 14400 IN MX 0 mydomain.com.
mydomain.com. 14400 IN MX 30 server2.mydomain.com
You can have unlimited MX entries for Fallback or backup purpose.If all the MX records are equal Preference numbers, the client simply attempts all equal Preference servers in random order, and then goes to MX record with the next highest Preference number.
PTR Record
A PTR record or pointer record maps an IPv4 address to the canonical name for that host. Setting up a PTR record for a hostname in the in-addr.arpa domain that corresponds to an IP address implements reverse DNS lookup for that address. For example www.name.net has the IP address 122.0.3.16, but a PTR record maps 16.3.0.122.in-addr.arpa.
Example of PTR Record with syntax
16.3.0.122.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR name.net
Here as you see the IP Address is reversed and added with in-addr.arpa and this has come to the left side while the actual domain name has gone to right side of IN PTR.
This is mostly used as a security and an anti-spam measure wherein most of the webservers or the email servers do a reverse DNS lookup to check if the host is actually coming from where it claims to come from. It is always advisable to have a proper reverse DNS record (PTR) is been setup for your servers especially when you are running a mail / smtp server.
NS Record
An NS record or name server record maps a domain name to a list of DNS servers authoritative for that domain. Delegations depend on NS records.
NS Record Name Server Record which indicates the Authoritative Name Servers for a particular Domain. The NS records of the Authoritative Name Server for any given Domain will be listed on the Parent Server. These are called as the Delegation Records as these records on the Parent Server indicates the delegation of the domain to the Authoritative servers.
The NS record will also be listed in the Zone records of the Authoritative Name Server itself. These records are called as the Authoritative Records.
The NS records found on the Parent Server should match the NS records on the Authoritative Server as well. However, you can have NS records listed on the Authoritative server that is not listed in the Parent Server. This arrangement is normally used to configure Stealth Name Servers.
Example of NS Record With syntax
example.com. IN NS ns1.live.secure.com.
where
IN indicates the Internet
NS indicates the type of record which Name Server record
The above indicates that the ns1.live.secure.com is the authoritative server for the domain example.com
SOA Record
An SOA record or start of authority record specifies the DNS server providing authoritative information about an Internet domain, the email of the domain administrator, the domain serial number, and several timers relating to refreshing the zone.
An SOA(State of Authority) Record is the most essential part of a Zone file. The SOA record is a way for the Domain Administrator to give out simple information about the domain like, how often it is updated, when it was last updated, when to check back for more info, what is the admins email address and so on. A Zone file can contain only one SOA Record.
A properly optimized and updated SOA record can reduce bandwidth between nameservers, increase the speed of website access and ensure the site is alive even when the primary DNS server is down.
Example of SOA Record with syntax
Here is the SOA record. Notice the starting bracket ``(``. This has to be on the same line, otherwise the record gets broken.
; name TTL class rr Nameserver email-address
mydomain.com. 14400 IN SOA ns.mynameserver.com. root.ns.mynameserver.com. (
2004123001 ; Serial number
86000 ; Refresh rate in seconds
7200 ; Update Retry in seconds
3600000 ; Expiry in seconds
600 ; minimum in seconds )
Name - mydomain.com is the main name in this zone.
TTL - 14400 - TTL defines the duration in seconds that the record may be cached by client side programs. If it is set as 0, it indicates that the record should not be cached. The range is defined to be between 0 to 2147483647 (close to 68 years !) .
Class - IN - The class shows the type of record. IN equates to Internet. Other options are all historic. So as long as your DNS is on the Internet or Intranet, you must use IN.
Nameserver - ns.nameserver.com. - The nameserver is the server which holds the zone files. It can be either an external server in which case, the entire domain name must be specified followed by a dot. In case it is defined in this zone file, then it can be written as ``ns'' .
Email address - root.ns.nameserver.com. - This is the email of the domain name administrator. Now, this is really confusing, because people expect an @ to be in an email address. However in this case, email is sent to root@ns.nameserver.com, but written as root.ns.nameserver.com . And yes, remember to put the dot behind the domain name.
Serial number - 2004123001 - This is a sort of a revision numbering system to show the changes made to the DNS Zone. This number has to increment , whenever any change is made to the Zone file. The standard convention is to use the date of update YYYYMMDDnn, where nn is a revision number in case more than one updates are done in a day. So if the first update done today would be 2005301200 and second update would be 2005301201.
Refresh - 86000 - This is time(in seconds) when the slave DNS server will refresh from the master. This value represents how often a secondary will poll the primary server to see if the serial number for the zone has increased (so it knows to request a new copy of the data for the zone). It can be written as ``23h88M'' indicating 23 hours and 88 minutes. If you have a regular Internet server, you can keep it between 6 to 24 hours.
Retry - 7200 - Now assume that a slave tried to contact the master server and failed to contact it because it was down. The Retry value (time in seconds) will tell it when to get back. This value is not very important and can be a fraction of the refresh value.
Expiry - 3600000 - This is the time (in seconds) that a slave server will keep a cached zone file as valid, if it can't contact the primary server. If this value were set to say 2 weeks ( in seconds), what it means is that a slave would still be able to give out domain information from its cached zone file for 2 weeks, without anyone knowing the difference. The recommended value is between 2 to 4 weeks.
Minimum - 600 - This is the default time(in seconds) that the slave servers should cache the Zone file. This is the most important time field in the SOA Record. If your DNS information keeps changing, keep it down to a day or less. Otherwise if your DNS record doesn't change regularly, step it up between 1 to 5 days. The benefit of keeping this value high, is that your website speeds increase drastically as a result of reduced lookups. Caching servers around the globe would cache your records and this improves site performance.
SRV Record
The theory behind SRV is that given a known domain name e.g. example.com, a given service e.g. web (http) which runs on tcp in this case, a DNS query may be issued to find the host name that provides such on behalf of the domain - and which may or may not be within the domain.
Example of SRV Record with syntax
srvce.prot.name ttl class rr pri weight port target
_http._tcp.example.com. IN SRV 0 5 80 www.example.com.
srvce
Defines the symbolic service name (see IANA port-numbers) prepended with a '_' (underscore). Case insensitive. Common values are:
_http - web service
_ftp - file transfer service
_ldap - LDAP service
prot
Defines the protocol name (see IANA service-names) prepended with a '_' (underscore). Case insensitive. Common values are
_tcp - TCP protocol
_udp - UDP protocol
name
Incomprehensible description in RFC 2782. Leaving the entry blank (without a dot) will substitute the current zone root (the $ORIGIN), or you can explicitly add it as in the above _http._tcp.example.com. (with a dot).
ttl
Standard TTL parameter. For more information about TTL values.
pri
The relative Priority of this service (range 0 - 65535). Lowest is highest priority.
weight
Used when more than one service with same priority. A 16 bit unsigned integer in the range 0 - 65535. The value 0 indicates no weighting should be applied. If the weight is 1 or greater it is a relative number in which the highest is most frequently delivered i.e. given two SRV records both with Priority = 0, one with weight = 1 the other weight = 6, the one with weight 6 will have its RR delivered first 6 times out of 7 by the name server.
port
Normally the port number assigned to the symbolic service but does this is not a requirement e.g. it is permissible to define a _http service with a port number of 8100 rather than the more normal port 80.
target
The name of the host that will provide this service. Does not have to be in the same zone (domain).
TXT Record
A TXT record allows an administrator to insert arbitrary text into a DNS record. For example, this record is used to implement the Sender Policy Framework specification.
Example of TXT Record with syntax
SPF domains have to publish at least two directives: a version identifier and a default mechanism.
mydomain.com. TXT "v=spf1 -all"
This is the simplest possible SPF record: it means your domain mydomain.com never sends mail.
It makes sense to do this when a domain is only used for web services and doesn't do email.
MX servers send mail, designate them.
mydomain.com. TXT "v=spf1 mx -all"
Let's pretend mydomain.com has two MX servers, mx01 and mx02. They would both be allowed to send mail from mydomain.com.
other machines in the domain also send mail, designate them.
mydomain.com. TXT "v=spf1 mx ptr -all"
This designates all the hosts whose PTR hostname match mydomain.com.
any other machines not in the domain also send mail from that domain, designate them.
mydomain.com. TXT "v=spf1 a:mydomain.com mx ptr -all"
mydomain.com's IP address doesn't show up in its list of MX servers. So we add an "a" mechanism to the directive set to match it.
mydomain.com. TXT "v=spf1 a mx ptr -all"
This is shorthand for the same thing.
Each of your mail servers should have an SPF record also.When your mail servers create a bounce message, they will send it using a blank envelope sender: <>. When an SPF MTA sees a blank envelope sender, it will perform the lookup using the HELO domain name instead. These records take care of that scenario.
amx.mail.net. TXT "v=spf1 a -all"
mx.mail.net. TXT "v=spf1 a -all"
NAPTR Record
NAPTR records (NAPTR stands for "Naming Authority Pointer") are a newer type of DNS record that support regular expression based rewriting.
Example of NAPTR Record with syntax
$ORIGIN 3.8.0.0.6.9.2.3.6.1.4.4.e164.arpa.
NAPTR 10 100 "u" "E2U+sip" "!^.*$!sip:info@example.com!" .
NAPTR 10 101 "u" "E2U+h323" "!^.*$!h323:info@example.com!" .
NAPTR 10 102 "u" "E2U+msg" "!^.*$!mailto:info@example.com!" .
This record set maps the phone number +441632960083 begin_of_the_skype_highlighting +441632960083 end_of_the_skype_highlighting onto three possible identically ordered URIs, with a preference for SIP, then H323, and finally email. In each case, the regular expression matches the full AUS (^.$), and replaces it with a URI (e.g., sip:info@example.com). As this is a terminal record, this URI is returned to the client.Though most NAPTR records replace the full AUS, it is possible for the regular expression to back-reference part of the AUS, to grab an extension number, say:
$ORIGIN 0.6.9.2.3.6.1.4.4.e164.arpa. *
NAPTR 10 100 "u" "E2U+sip""!^+441632960 begin_of_the_skype_highlighting +441632960 end_of_the_skype_highlighting(.*)$!sip:\1@example.com!" .
Once the client has the URI it must be resolved using DNS, but this is no longer part of the DDDS algorithm..
Wildcard DNS Record
A wildcard DNS record is a record in a DNS zone file that will match all requests for non-existent domain names, i.e. domain names for which there are no records at all.
====================================================
1>Domain Name System (DNS)
The Domain Name System, or DNS, is used to translate a domain name into its corresponding IP address, the series of numbers that signifies a computer's unique location on the Internet. DNS servers compile lists of domain names and their corresponding IP addresses and share this information with other servers to ensure that Internet traffic such as email can find its destination. DNS records control the functionality of domain names. You can manage the DNS record for your domain name by clicking the "Advanced DNS settings" link on your Domain Control Panel.
2>Registrant
A registrant is the individual or organization that holds the right to use a specific domain name. This person or organization is the "domain license holder" or legal entity bound by the domain terms-of-service agreements.
3>Registrar
A registrar is an organization that has been accredited by ICANN to register domain names. Eg: Yahoo!'s domain registration partner, Melbourne IT, is the registrar for all new domains registered through Yahoo!
4>Domain registration
Domain registration is the process by which a company or individual can secure a website domain, such as www.yoursite.com. Once you have completed domain registration the domain becomes yours for the period of the contract, usually one year. Before registration expires it must be renewed, or the domain reverts back to being available to the general public.
The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) manages the international Domain Name Server (DNS) database. ICANN insures that all registered names are unique and map properly to a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address. The IP address is the numerical address of the website that tells other computers on the Internet where to find the server host and domain.
5>Domain registras - GoDaddy , eNom
6>IP address
An IP address is the unique address of a computer connected with the Internet. Much as your postal address provides a way for letters to reach you, your computer's IP address tells the Internet's networks where and how to send relevant requests and information, such as web pages or emails. IP addresses are strings of numbers (such as 207.151.159.3) that, with DNS, can be represented by easier-to-remember domain names.
7>Name server
A name server is similar to a telephone switchboard. It holds the information that tells the Internet where to find your web site and where to deliver your email. Name servers look something like this: yns1.yahoo.com. You can change your name servers in the Advanced DNS area of your Domain Control Panel; however, Yahoo!'s name servers must be listed as the primary and secondary name servers in order for Yahoo! to host your domain services properly.
8>How long does it take to propagate new DNS settings?
Once the new zone file is created by our system (max 10 mins), it is uploaded to the relevant Name Server. Our Name Servers will be advertising the new information within 15 minutes. However, this information has to propagate throughout the system and it can take 4-24 hours to be fully visible around the Internet. The amount of time taken to propagate information around the net is outside of our control, and is part of the make up of the Internet infrastructure.
9>What is DNS propagation and why does this process take so long?
Propagation is the process by which name servers are made aware of the changes that you make to your domain name with your registrar (the company you purchased your domain name with). This process can take between 24 and 72 hours. DNS propagation takes a bit of time because the "synchronization" is happening amongst hundreds of thousands of servers. The process may seem to take too long but it is happening quite rapidly on a pretty large scale.
10> subdomain:-
A subdomain is a domain that is part of a larger domain
11>Parked domain:-
Redirects its website traffic to another website it owns
12> Addondomain:-
Its a second domain that you can add to your site and this will act like a whole new site
13>Shared hosting:-
A shared web hosting service or virtual hosting service refers to a web hosting service where many websites reside on one web server connected to the Internet. This is generally the most economical option for hosting as many people share the overall cost of server maintenance.
14>Dedicated Hosting/Dedicated server:-
IP-based virtual hosting, also called dedicated IP hosting, each virtual host has a different IP address.
15>Web Mail
Web mail is one of the most useful web applications on the Internet, it allows you to access, send, receive and manage your email through a web browser.
16>What desktop email clients are there?
Netscape has an email client, Netscape Messenger, built in. Microsoft Outlook and Outlook Express are Microsoft products and therefore also common. Another extremely good email client is Eudora, which has two free versions.
17>What is WebMail?
WebMail is a web-based email service that allows you to access your EastLink email account from any computer connected to the Internet.
18>What is Cpanel?
Cpanel is our new best-of-breed utility that allows you to manage all your websites with a few mouse clicks. You will love it! Read more.. [Cpanel]. All Cpanel WebMaster's Linux Hosting packages support PHP and MySQL? so you can build data-driven web sites and Perl so you can build advanced web applications. You will be pleased with the list of ready made applications we have. Preview the list of popular [Free Applications]. For ASP.
19>CNAME
A CNAME (canonical name) record is a DNS record that can be used to create host names for a domain name. These host names can be set to point to other domain names or host names.
20>What is Plesk?
Plesk is a full featured web based control panel that allows you to manage your domain through a web interface. The idea is to transfer as much of the control and responsibility of managing your web site over to you, yet make it as simple as possible for even a novice webmaster to handle. You have the ability to manage all aspects of e-mail, files, backup, FTP, CGI scripts, web site statistics and more.
21>What is SSL... ?
The SSL security protocol provides data encryption, server authentication, message integrity, and optional client authentication for a TCP/IP connection. Because SSL is built into all major browsers and web servers, simply installing a digital certificate turns on their SSL capabilities.
22>A record
An A (address) record is a DNS record that can be used to point your domain name and host names to a static IP address.
23>Domain Control Panel
The Domain Control Panel is the console where you can set up and manage your domain name. From your Domain Control Panel, you can edit your registration information, lock your domain, view your authorization code, and more.
24>Domain forwarding
Domain forwarding is a feature available to Yahoo! Domains customers that allows you to point, or redirect, your domain name to another home page or web site location. You might use domain forwarding to assign an easy-to-remember domain name to a web site you've already created.
25>Domain name (web address)
A domain name is also called a web address, and like a memorable street address, it can help people find you online. You might base your domain name on your own name, the name of your company, keywords that describe your business, even a short phrase — anything that will make your web address easy to remember.
26>How does a Web browser work?
A Web browser works by using a special protocol called HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to request a specially encoded text document from a Web server. The text document contains special instructions written in HyperText Markup Language (HTML) that tell the browser how to display the document on the user's screen. The instructions may include references (hyperlinks) to other Web pages, text color and position, locations for various images contained in the document and where to position them
27>What is the Internet?
Internet is a network of computers connected with the telephone line around the world. Each computer is connected to the web through a server, which technically is a bigger computer that works as a connecting node and a dabase
28>What is PHP?
PHP is a progamming/scripting language that works with the web server to allow the generation of dynamic webpages. It is available to studentweb users. This website uses it extensively. More information about it can be found at the PHP Homepage. The Studentweb founder has been forever immortalized in this magnificent statue that sits in the main lobby of our offices.
29>host name
A host name is an Internet address or domain name with a prefix. For example, a host name of the domain name yourdomainname.com may be "example.yourdomainname.com." You can add and manipulate host names in the Advanced DNS area of your Domain Control Panel.
30>What are the server specifications?
Currently, we are running Windows NT 4.0, Internet Information Server 4.0, Service Pack 5, Active Server Pages, Microsoft FrontPage (latest release), Cold Fusion 4.0 and the latest 32-bit ODBC drivers. Our hardware requirements, at a minimum, are: Pentium III 500MhZ (Dual), 256MB PC100 RAM, 10.2GB SCSI with RAID V drive configuration.
31>ISP
Your ISP, or Internet Service Provider, is the company through which you gain access to the Internet, typically using a dial-up or broadband connection (a connection through your phone line or another dedicated data route from your home or office). Some ISPs might provide services such as email, disk space, or web hosting in addition to Internet access. Although Yahoo! Small Business includes these services and many more, it does not provide Internet access; you will need to continue service with your ISP to access the Internet and your Small Business plan.
32>MX record
An MX (mail exchange) record is a DNS record that can be used to point your domain name email services to your own mail server
33>Registrar transfer
A registrar transfer is the movement of a domain name's records and management from one registrar to another. When you transfer your domain to a different registrar, the new registrar becomes responsible for maintaining your domain registration records, managing your domain renewals, and other administrative details. Note that a registrar transfer is not the same as redelegation. Yahoo! currently allows you to redelegate a domain you registered elsewhere to use with your Yahoo! plan, but we don't yet offer the ability to transfer your domain registration to Yahoo!
34>Server
A server is a computer attached to a network whose function is to provide (or serve up) data or other resources to client computers. A web server, for example, sends web pages to the Internet when asked for them by a browser. Other kinds of servers you might encounter are email servers (which manage email distribution), application servers (computers that run applications used by other computers), and workgroup servers (which allow multiple users to share data).
35>Spam
Spam is any message or posting, regardless of its content, that is sent to multiple recipients who have not specifically requested the message. Spam can also be multiple postings of the same message to newsgroups or list servers that aren't related to the topic of the message.
36>What is a registrar transfer?
A registrar transfer is the transfer of a domain name from another registrar to Ravand. This allows you to take advantage of our great support, free services, and low renewal costs. You can transfer your domain to us as long as it has been with your current registrar for more than 60 days and is not expired.
37>What is a registrar domain transfer?
A registrar transfer involves the transfer of a domain name from one ICANN Accredited registrar (the losing party) to another ICANN Accredited registrar (the gaining party). Often a transfer will be conducted between two resellers, however, ultimately this will often lead to a change of registrar
38>World Wide Web
The World Wide Web is one element of the Internet, a collection of documents or "pages" that can be viewed using a web browser such as Internet Explorer or Mozilla Firefox. Web pages, typically formatted in HTML and accessed via HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol), can include not only text and images but also multimedia elements such as audio and video. When you build a web site with Yahoo!, you will publish pages to the Web in order to make them available for public viewing.
39>What is a Registrant?.
The Registrant is the owner of a Domain Name. The owner may be an individual or an organization to whom a specific Domain Name is registered. When a Registrant registers a Domain Name and enters a contractual agreement with the Registrar, they are the legal owner of a domain name for a specific period of time. The Registrant is bound by the terms of the service agreement. For example, Toni Smith (Registrant) registers the name 'tonismith.
40>What is the Registrant of a domain name ?
The Registrant is the entity which is the legal registrant of the name, and is tracked by the registrar for your security and so that no other organization or entity can request changes to the name. It is standard practice to use your full company or organization name as the Registrant of Record. If there is no company name, the name of the individual registrant can be used.
41>What is a mail server?
A mail server is a computer that sends, receives, and stores email messages for users. When you send a message to somebody, the mail server figures out where that person's mailbox is stored, and forwards the message to them.
42>What is an open mail relay?
open mail relay is an e-mail server that accepts and routes mail from and to users not a6ociated with the server's domain
43>What is an Open Relay Mail Server?
Open Relay Mail Servers allow anyone from anywhere in the world, connected to the Internet by any means, to send mail through a mail server without having an e-mail account, or any other company or customer account with the mail server.
44>What are blacklists?
Groups of volunteers around the world maintain blacklists of mail servers. The mail servers are either utilised by spammers or have security holes that would let spammers use them (Open Mail Relay).
45>What is FTP?
FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. FTP is the best means for moving large files across the Internet. FTP is a client/server protocol that enables a user with an FTP client to log on to a remote machine, navigate the file system of that remote machine, and upload and download files from that machine. There are two basic types of FTP on the Internet: Anonymous FTP and Private FTP. With Anonymous FTP, one logs in as user "anonymous," giving one's e-mail address as a password.
46>What is Open Source Software?Open Source software is software with source code made available to the public, with no fees or royalties for use or distribution. (or) Software that is available free of charge with its source code for modification and redistribution, such as the Linux operating system. Open source does not mean 'copyright free,' and often includes restrictions on the resale of the software.
47>What is software license ?
The Domain Name System, or DNS, is used to translate a domain name into its corresponding IP address, the series of numbers that signifies a computer's unique location on the Internet. DNS servers compile lists of domain names and their corresponding IP addresses and share this information with other servers to ensure that Internet traffic such as email can find its destination. DNS records control the functionality of domain names. You can manage the DNS record for your domain name by clicking the "Advanced DNS settings" link on your Domain Control Panel.
2>Registrant
A registrant is the individual or organization that holds the right to use a specific domain name. This person or organization is the "domain license holder" or legal entity bound by the domain terms-of-service agreements.
3>Registrar
A registrar is an organization that has been accredited by ICANN to register domain names. Eg: Yahoo!'s domain registration partner, Melbourne IT, is the registrar for all new domains registered through Yahoo!
4>Domain registration
Domain registration is the process by which a company or individual can secure a website domain, such as www.yoursite.com. Once you have completed domain registration the domain becomes yours for the period of the contract, usually one year. Before registration expires it must be renewed, or the domain reverts back to being available to the general public.
The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) manages the international Domain Name Server (DNS) database. ICANN insures that all registered names are unique and map properly to a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address. The IP address is the numerical address of the website that tells other computers on the Internet where to find the server host and domain.
5>Domain registras - GoDaddy , eNom
6>IP address
An IP address is the unique address of a computer connected with the Internet. Much as your postal address provides a way for letters to reach you, your computer's IP address tells the Internet's networks where and how to send relevant requests and information, such as web pages or emails. IP addresses are strings of numbers (such as 207.151.159.3) that, with DNS, can be represented by easier-to-remember domain names.
7>Name server
A name server is similar to a telephone switchboard. It holds the information that tells the Internet where to find your web site and where to deliver your email. Name servers look something like this: yns1.yahoo.com. You can change your name servers in the Advanced DNS area of your Domain Control Panel; however, Yahoo!'s name servers must be listed as the primary and secondary name servers in order for Yahoo! to host your domain services properly.
8>How long does it take to propagate new DNS settings?
Once the new zone file is created by our system (max 10 mins), it is uploaded to the relevant Name Server. Our Name Servers will be advertising the new information within 15 minutes. However, this information has to propagate throughout the system and it can take 4-24 hours to be fully visible around the Internet. The amount of time taken to propagate information around the net is outside of our control, and is part of the make up of the Internet infrastructure.
9>What is DNS propagation and why does this process take so long?
Propagation is the process by which name servers are made aware of the changes that you make to your domain name with your registrar (the company you purchased your domain name with). This process can take between 24 and 72 hours. DNS propagation takes a bit of time because the "synchronization" is happening amongst hundreds of thousands of servers. The process may seem to take too long but it is happening quite rapidly on a pretty large scale.
10> subdomain:-
A subdomain is a domain that is part of a larger domain
11>Parked domain:-
Redirects its website traffic to another website it owns
12> Addondomain:-
Its a second domain that you can add to your site and this will act like a whole new site
13>Shared hosting:-
A shared web hosting service or virtual hosting service refers to a web hosting service where many websites reside on one web server connected to the Internet. This is generally the most economical option for hosting as many people share the overall cost of server maintenance.
14>Dedicated Hosting/Dedicated server:-
IP-based virtual hosting, also called dedicated IP hosting, each virtual host has a different IP address.
15>Web Mail
Web mail is one of the most useful web applications on the Internet, it allows you to access, send, receive and manage your email through a web browser.
16>What desktop email clients are there?
Netscape has an email client, Netscape Messenger, built in. Microsoft Outlook and Outlook Express are Microsoft products and therefore also common. Another extremely good email client is Eudora, which has two free versions.
17>What is WebMail?
WebMail is a web-based email service that allows you to access your EastLink email account from any computer connected to the Internet.
18>What is Cpanel?
Cpanel is our new best-of-breed utility that allows you to manage all your websites with a few mouse clicks. You will love it! Read more.. [Cpanel]. All Cpanel WebMaster's Linux Hosting packages support PHP and MySQL? so you can build data-driven web sites and Perl so you can build advanced web applications. You will be pleased with the list of ready made applications we have. Preview the list of popular [Free Applications]. For ASP.
19>CNAME
A CNAME (canonical name) record is a DNS record that can be used to create host names for a domain name. These host names can be set to point to other domain names or host names.
20>What is Plesk?
Plesk is a full featured web based control panel that allows you to manage your domain through a web interface. The idea is to transfer as much of the control and responsibility of managing your web site over to you, yet make it as simple as possible for even a novice webmaster to handle. You have the ability to manage all aspects of e-mail, files, backup, FTP, CGI scripts, web site statistics and more.
21>What is SSL... ?
The SSL security protocol provides data encryption, server authentication, message integrity, and optional client authentication for a TCP/IP connection. Because SSL is built into all major browsers and web servers, simply installing a digital certificate turns on their SSL capabilities.
22>A record
An A (address) record is a DNS record that can be used to point your domain name and host names to a static IP address.
23>Domain Control Panel
The Domain Control Panel is the console where you can set up and manage your domain name. From your Domain Control Panel, you can edit your registration information, lock your domain, view your authorization code, and more.
24>Domain forwarding
Domain forwarding is a feature available to Yahoo! Domains customers that allows you to point, or redirect, your domain name to another home page or web site location. You might use domain forwarding to assign an easy-to-remember domain name to a web site you've already created.
25>Domain name (web address)
A domain name is also called a web address, and like a memorable street address, it can help people find you online. You might base your domain name on your own name, the name of your company, keywords that describe your business, even a short phrase — anything that will make your web address easy to remember.
26>How does a Web browser work?
A Web browser works by using a special protocol called HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to request a specially encoded text document from a Web server. The text document contains special instructions written in HyperText Markup Language (HTML) that tell the browser how to display the document on the user's screen. The instructions may include references (hyperlinks) to other Web pages, text color and position, locations for various images contained in the document and where to position them
27>What is the Internet?
Internet is a network of computers connected with the telephone line around the world. Each computer is connected to the web through a server, which technically is a bigger computer that works as a connecting node and a dabase
28>What is PHP?
PHP is a progamming/scripting language that works with the web server to allow the generation of dynamic webpages. It is available to studentweb users. This website uses it extensively. More information about it can be found at the PHP Homepage. The Studentweb founder has been forever immortalized in this magnificent statue that sits in the main lobby of our offices.
29>host name
A host name is an Internet address or domain name with a prefix. For example, a host name of the domain name yourdomainname.com may be "example.yourdomainname.com." You can add and manipulate host names in the Advanced DNS area of your Domain Control Panel.
30>What are the server specifications?
Currently, we are running Windows NT 4.0, Internet Information Server 4.0, Service Pack 5, Active Server Pages, Microsoft FrontPage (latest release), Cold Fusion 4.0 and the latest 32-bit ODBC drivers. Our hardware requirements, at a minimum, are: Pentium III 500MhZ (Dual), 256MB PC100 RAM, 10.2GB SCSI with RAID V drive configuration.
31>ISP
Your ISP, or Internet Service Provider, is the company through which you gain access to the Internet, typically using a dial-up or broadband connection (a connection through your phone line or another dedicated data route from your home or office). Some ISPs might provide services such as email, disk space, or web hosting in addition to Internet access. Although Yahoo! Small Business includes these services and many more, it does not provide Internet access; you will need to continue service with your ISP to access the Internet and your Small Business plan.
32>MX record
An MX (mail exchange) record is a DNS record that can be used to point your domain name email services to your own mail server
33>Registrar transfer
A registrar transfer is the movement of a domain name's records and management from one registrar to another. When you transfer your domain to a different registrar, the new registrar becomes responsible for maintaining your domain registration records, managing your domain renewals, and other administrative details. Note that a registrar transfer is not the same as redelegation. Yahoo! currently allows you to redelegate a domain you registered elsewhere to use with your Yahoo! plan, but we don't yet offer the ability to transfer your domain registration to Yahoo!
34>Server
A server is a computer attached to a network whose function is to provide (or serve up) data or other resources to client computers. A web server, for example, sends web pages to the Internet when asked for them by a browser. Other kinds of servers you might encounter are email servers (which manage email distribution), application servers (computers that run applications used by other computers), and workgroup servers (which allow multiple users to share data).
35>Spam
Spam is any message or posting, regardless of its content, that is sent to multiple recipients who have not specifically requested the message. Spam can also be multiple postings of the same message to newsgroups or list servers that aren't related to the topic of the message.
36>What is a registrar transfer?
A registrar transfer is the transfer of a domain name from another registrar to Ravand. This allows you to take advantage of our great support, free services, and low renewal costs. You can transfer your domain to us as long as it has been with your current registrar for more than 60 days and is not expired.
37>What is a registrar domain transfer?
A registrar transfer involves the transfer of a domain name from one ICANN Accredited registrar (the losing party) to another ICANN Accredited registrar (the gaining party). Often a transfer will be conducted between two resellers, however, ultimately this will often lead to a change of registrar
38>World Wide Web
The World Wide Web is one element of the Internet, a collection of documents or "pages" that can be viewed using a web browser such as Internet Explorer or Mozilla Firefox. Web pages, typically formatted in HTML and accessed via HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol), can include not only text and images but also multimedia elements such as audio and video. When you build a web site with Yahoo!, you will publish pages to the Web in order to make them available for public viewing.
39>What is a Registrant?.
The Registrant is the owner of a Domain Name. The owner may be an individual or an organization to whom a specific Domain Name is registered. When a Registrant registers a Domain Name and enters a contractual agreement with the Registrar, they are the legal owner of a domain name for a specific period of time. The Registrant is bound by the terms of the service agreement. For example, Toni Smith (Registrant) registers the name 'tonismith.
40>What is the Registrant of a domain name ?
The Registrant is the entity which is the legal registrant of the name, and is tracked by the registrar for your security and so that no other organization or entity can request changes to the name. It is standard practice to use your full company or organization name as the Registrant of Record. If there is no company name, the name of the individual registrant can be used.
41>What is a mail server?
A mail server is a computer that sends, receives, and stores email messages for users. When you send a message to somebody, the mail server figures out where that person's mailbox is stored, and forwards the message to them.
42>What is an open mail relay?
open mail relay is an e-mail server that accepts and routes mail from and to users not a6ociated with the server's domain
43>What is an Open Relay Mail Server?
Open Relay Mail Servers allow anyone from anywhere in the world, connected to the Internet by any means, to send mail through a mail server without having an e-mail account, or any other company or customer account with the mail server.
44>What are blacklists?
Groups of volunteers around the world maintain blacklists of mail servers. The mail servers are either utilised by spammers or have security holes that would let spammers use them (Open Mail Relay).
45>What is FTP?
FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. FTP is the best means for moving large files across the Internet. FTP is a client/server protocol that enables a user with an FTP client to log on to a remote machine, navigate the file system of that remote machine, and upload and download files from that machine. There are two basic types of FTP on the Internet: Anonymous FTP and Private FTP. With Anonymous FTP, one logs in as user "anonymous," giving one's e-mail address as a password.
46>What is Open Source Software?Open Source software is software with source code made available to the public, with no fees or royalties for use or distribution. (or) Software that is available free of charge with its source code for modification and redistribution, such as the Linux operating system. Open source does not mean 'copyright free,' and often includes restrictions on the resale of the software.
47>What is software license ?
Permission to use a software on non-exclusive basis, and subject to the listed conditions. A software license does not automatically transfer the ownership of the software to the buyer and its purchase price, in effect, is a one time rental fee.(or) The authorization to use software. Most software is licensed rather than sold, which means purchasers are never the actual owners of the software, although they may be able to use it without any time limit. Software licensing is a curious phenomenon of the software industry that has been the norm for decades and never challenged by the user community.
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